Vanadinite is a mineral composed of lead vanadate, with the chemical formula Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl. This mineral is distinguished by its bright red to brownish color, although orange or yellow hues can also be observed. Vanadinite crystals are generally small and have prismatic hexagonal shapes, with well-defined faces.
Crystallizing in the hexagonal system, vanadinite often forms in the oxidized zones of lead deposits. It has a resinous to adamantine luster, and its hardness ranges from 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively brittle. This mineral is prized by collectors for its well-formed crystals and vivid colors.